What happened to the Mt Helen?

Mount St. Helens, located in southwestern Washington about 50 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon, is one of many volcanic peaks that dominate the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest; the range extends from Mount Garibaldi in British Columbia, Canada, to Lassen Peak in northern California. Geologists call Mount St. Helens a composite volcano (or stratovolcano), a term for steep sided, often symmetrical cones constructed of alternating layers of lava flows, ash, and other volcanic debris. Composite volcanoes tend to erupt explosively and pose considerable danger to nearby life and property. In contrast, the gently sloping shield volcanoes, such as those in Hawaii, typically erupt nonexplosively, producing fluid lavas that can flow great distances from the active vents. Although Hawaiian-type eruptions may destroy property, they rarely cause death or injury. Before 1980, snow-capped, gracefully symmetrical Mount St. Helens was known as the â€Å"Fujiyama of America.† Mount St. Helens, other active Cascade volcanoes, and those of Alaska form the North American segment of the circum-Pacific â€Å"Ring of Fire,† a notorious zone that produces frequent, often destructive, earthquake and volcanic activity. (1) Basic Data Location: South central Washington State (Cowlitz County). Latitude: 46 °20†² N Longitude: 122 °18†² W. Type:Stratovolcano Size comparison: Mt. St. Helens is the smallest of the five major volcanoes in Washington State, and also the youngest of these. It's last eruption was 123 years earlier. Elevation : 9,677 feet before; 8,363 feet after; 1,314 feet removed Main Eruption: May 18, 1980, 8:32 a.m. (Pacific time) Pyroclastic flow speed : at least 300 miles per hour (some material traveled much faster). Pyroclastic flow temperature : As high as 1,300 degrees F (700 degrees C) Energy released: 24 megatons thermal energy (7 by blast, rest through release of heat); 50 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic blast. Landslide note : The landslide is the World's largest recorded event EVER! Ash plume height : Reached about 80,000 feet in less than 15 minutes Ash cloud dispersal : Spread across U.S. in 3 days; circled Earth in 15 days. Deaths : At least 60-65 persons, and thousands of animals, birds, and insects.(2) On May 18, 1980, at 8:32 a.m. Pacific Daylight Time, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake shook Mount St. Helens, releasing an enormous burst of energy, instantly transforming a peaceful wilderness into a hellish landscape. As soon as the eruption was over, the process of rebirth and renewal began. The mountain is still in the spotlight after 20 years. Come and see the story of this amazing wonder of nature in this commemorative of the anniversary of the day that chaos reigned. October 1, 2004: Mount St. Helens Activity Increases. We probably will not see an event to match the 1980 eruptions of this now-famous volcano, but recent activity has intensified and researchers are watching closely. What did we learn from it? We can learn some facts from it.(1) An active volcano can be destructive at any point of time. So you have to be very careful about that. (2) You just can not predict what exactly going to happen in nature. (3) We should except one thing: what ever we have achieved in science and technology or whatever, â€Å" NATURE IS THE BOSS AND WILL ALWAYS BE† Why earth science is important to people? Earth science affects all our lives. Our landscape has been shaped by natural processes such as tectonics, weathering, and biological activity over billions of years. We use natural materials everyday, everything from building stone and oil to metals such as iron, copper and gold, and even diamonds have all been extracted from the ground. Natural hazards such as volcanoes, earthquakes, floods and droughts can dramatically affect lives. Earth science is the study of all these processes, put simply it is the study of our planet. Understanding how our planet works is essential if we are to properly manage our environment, and if we are to predict how the environment will change in the future. Earth scientists can monitor changes in our environment, model our impact on the environment and suggest solutions to our environmental problems. Environmental issues being studied by earth scientists include, the effects of water extraction from our rivers, the distribution of pollutants in the landscape and the environmental impact of industrial activity, such as mining and landfill. Natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes and floods are responsible for many deaths, and for the loss of many more homes and livelihoods. Increased knowledge of natural hazards will improve predictions of the occurrence and scale of these potentially life threatening events, giving people a chance to prepare.(4) REFERENCES: (1) The history of Mt Helen is taken from http://www.weathersage.com/storms/mthelen/ sited on May 18,2007 (2) Basic data of Mt Helen is taken from http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/asl/guides/msh.html sited on May 18,2007 (3) Why earth science is important to people? Is taken from http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/areas/earth/importance.asp sited on May 18,2007            

Hardware and software Requirements Essay

Floppy disk: The standard 3 1/2†³ floppy disk is a thin, flexible plastic disk coated in metal oxide, enclosed in a rigid plastic casing for protection. A standard high density disk has a storage space of 1. 44 Megabytes.   Hard Disks: The hard disk used with conventional PCs consists of one or more disk platters, which are permanently sealed inside a casing. Hard disks have a capacity of between 2Gb and 10Gb, though external hard drives can be plugged into the computer to provide extra storage space. For large-scale applications storing huge amounts of data, more hard disks would be used. The disks can be fixed or removable, although the fixed disks are more reliable and have more storage capacity. Data is stored on the concentric tracks, which are divided into sectors. Data is then stored in one of the sectors so that it minimises the movement of the read-write heads, thereby minimising access time.   CD-ROM: CD-ROMs can store around 680Mb of data, which is the equivalent of hundreds of floppy disks. CD-ROMs do not transfer data as quickly as the hard disk drive. As the name suggests the disks are read-only memory. Unlike a magnetic disk they are created by burning tiny holes into the surface of the disk, a laser beam is then reflected off the surface of the disk, detecting the presence or absence of pits, which represent the binary digits. Worm disks (Write Once, Read Many): These look very similar to the CD-ROM in appearance but are gold rather than silver in colour. These disks can be used to write your own material and are ideal for archiving or storing images or data, which will not be changed. They are popular in the pirate industry because a i 5 blank disk can store upto i 20 000 worth of software and sell for i50 – i 80. They are used by less reputable PC company’s which install the software onto the PC so they can charge the consumer more for the package. However because of the competition in the pirate industry at present many of these carry viruses which can cause chaos on the hard drive.   Magneto-optical disks: Magneto-optical disks integrate optical and laser technology to enable read and write storage. A 5 1/2†³ disk can store up to 1 Gb. These disks may in future replace current magnetic disks, but at present the technology is still developing and the disks are too expensive, slow and unreliable to be in widespread use. Magnetic tape: Magnetic tape was developed in the 1950s and very quickly became the primary means of storing data. The data is stored on magnetic tape in the form of dots of magnetism. It is used widely for archiving past transactions or other data that may be needed again, for example, old news readings that have been collected over a number of years.   Jaz Drive: Two Gigabytes is a tape drive and a mass storage device mainly used for backing up large files or batches of files i. e. end of day transaction backup for banks or businesses. Software requirements and techniques Software is the name given to the programs that direct the operation of the computer. It can be divided into two main groups, system software and applications software. System software is the programs required to run the computer system and applications software is the programs required to carry out a particular application such as stock control Systems software This is the software that the microcomputer system needs to run. In this group there are three divisions: operating systems, utilities and compilers/interpreters/assemblers. Operating systems: An operating system is a set of programs that allows the user to perform tasks without having to know how they are done. For example, a user can give a command to save a file on disk without having to know where the file will be stored or how it will be retrieved again. Applications programs are usually written to work with a particular operating system e. g. Excel will only work with Windows and not with Apple Mac, which has a different operating system. Utility programs: Utility programs perform common tasks that every computer user will need at one stage or another. They carry out such jobs as formatting and copying disks, deleting files from disks, sorting information into a required order, and to help with the testing of programs that have been written. Compilers, interpreters and assemblers: These are programs that translate the programming language that is used into a form that the computer can understand. Compilers work by translating the whole of the program from what is known as the source program into the object program which will be in a form that the computer can understand. Interpreters are programs that translate and execute source programs one statement at a time. An assembler is a program supplied by the computer manufacturer that will translate a program that was written in assembly language (low-level programming language) into machine code. Applications software: In large organisations that have a mainframe or minicomputer we would find that programmers were employed whose job it would be to write the programs for the applications that the organisation wished to have run on the computer, such as payroll, stock control or hospital appointments. The software may be designed specifically for one particular company and written especially for them using a programming language or software such as database management system. Alternatively, the software may be purchased ‘off the shelf’. General purpose software: Most general purpose software is sold as a package, including a CD containing the software. Below is the most common packages that you would find on the market to date: 1. Applications: spreadsheets, database, word processing, Desk Top Publishing 2. Presentation: CD based presentations (Power Point, Director) 3. Internet Publishing: web page development software (Front Page, Dreamweaver, Flash) 4. Programming Software: BASIC, Visual Basic, C++, Java, Pascal, HTML 5. Creation and Editing: Photo Shop, Paint Shop Pro, Premier, Coral Draw 6. Utility: Anti-virus, tidy and compression, Doctors. The newer computer systems will have these utilities on them already. Software such as word processing, spreadsheet and databases is sometimes refereed to as generic software. This means that many of the packages can be made to do many different tasks, and is not specifically for one type of application. The other types of application software such as stock control and payroll as mentioned before are special purpose because they have been designed to complete one particular task. Conclusion: I found this assignment very interesting and now feel I have a much sounder understanding off computer hardware and software. I would have liked to incorporate more images into the assignment as reference to each of the products described, but was unable to find all of the images that I required, and also had problems trying to transfer them from the internet. Apart from this I feel quite satisfied with the overall assignment and hope that I have entered all the data needed and presented it in a clear fashion. Bibliography Corbitt T, (1990), Information Technology And Its Applications. Avon, United Kingdom: Bath Press Heathcott P M, (2000), ‘A’ Level Computing. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Payne-Gallway Publishers Ltd References Corbitt T, (1990), Information Technology And Its Applications. Avon, United Kingdom: Bath Press Heathcott P M, (2000), ‘A’ Level Computing. Ipswich, United Kingdom: Payne-Gallway Publishers Ltd.

Critical Thinking Evaluation

Critial Evaluation of an Academic Source NMN Capella University ED5001 Critial Evaluation of an Academic Source This paper is a critical evaluation regarding the suitability of using scholarly articles as an academic source. We will analyze the â€Å"Critical Thinking: An Extended Definition† that discusses various scholar definiitons on what is critical thinking and the process of critical thinking. Checklist for Critical Evaluation Peer Review Is the article peer reviewed? This article is a peer review. Is the article primary, secondary, or tertiary?This article is tertiary. Main Issue What is the main issue or problem the author is focusing on in this article? The main issue that the author is focusing on is the idea that in the academic world the word critical thinking is used frequently, but the way it is defined is so broad that at times it is hard to apply these definitions. It seems that various scholars have a different definition for critical thinking, and in most ca ses the definitions are lacking in terms of giving direction on the process of thinking critically. Significance of the IssueDiscuss the significance of the issue which is the focus of the article. The significance of the issue in this article is the author is trying to tell those in the academic world that the idea of critical thinking is so broad that those in the various disciplines need to see there needs to be continuous discussion regarding the idea of critical thinking. This idea that there’s no one answer with reagrds to defining critical thinking. Why is it important? I think its important because according to the article that the different disciplines have a different way of looking at critical thinking.This main reason is why the author feels that everyone should discuss this idea of critical thinking on a continuos basis. Having discussions on a continuous basis allows scholars from various disciplines to look at varying perspectives of critical thinking that they wouldn’t otherwise see in their own discipline. On what do you base your assertions regarding its significance? I base my assertions from the different definitions of critical thinking from various scholars from different backgrounds that the author discussed. Author’s PurposeWhat is the author’s main purpose(s) in writing the article? The main purpose of the author writing this article is to promote the discussion between scholars of different academic disciplines regarding the definition of critical thinking and the ways it can be applied. Author’s Point of View What is the author’s point of view? The author’s point of view is that critical thinking has a broad a definition and can be applied in different ways depending on how the person is looking at it. Conceptual Foundation What are the main concepts presented in the article?The main concepts presented in this article first the idea that there’s no clear and precise definition o f critical thinking. The second main concept that I found in the article is the idea of knowing and asking quality questions. The other concept that I got from the article is the idea that the term critical thinking has different meaning in various contexts. What information is the author using, and what is its relationship to the main issue? The information that the author is using is to look at various scholars from different disciplines definition and app;lication of the term critical thinking.Does the information used appear relevant, significant, valid, and sufficient for the conclusions being drawn? Yes I believe it is relevant, significant, and sufficient enough to be used to draw a conclusion. Do you have enough information to determine whether the information is relevant, significant, and valid? Yes I do, because the author has provided us with how different disciplines define and use the term critical thinking. The author is able to show us how broad and unclear the term c ritical thinking is. Author's Assumptions What unstated assumptions is the author making in the article?The unstated assumptions that the other is making the article is the idea that all academic disciplines use critical thinking as a basis in their field of study. Another assumption that I think is being made is that scholars in various disciplines don’t agree across the board with regards to defining critical thinking and its application. Author’s Conclusions What conclusion(s) are being drawn by the author? The author I think is concluding that this article will help speakers, scholars, listeners etc. to not only understand the term critical thinking better, but also help them to use the term in academic literature.What are the implications of the conclusion(s)? The implication of the conclusion is the fact that the author is making the assumption that a lot of people don’t understand and/or know how to use the term in general especially in academic literatur e. Problem Areas What potential problems do you see in the author's reasoning? I thinking that the author might be a little bias in making the assumptuion that just because the term critical thinking definition is so broad that most scholars don’t discuss with each other in order to understand the context that theyre using the term.What potential problems are there with the author's use of information? The author doesn’t really show how he determined the various scholar definitions he chose to use in making his various points. You don’t know if his selections were subjective or objective. What point of view is ignored by this author, or has not been considered in dealing with the issue? Summary of Critical Evaluation Would you use the article in support of your own writing? I don’t think I would use this article in my own writing. Why or why not?The reason I wouldn’t use this article because it seems to be a one-sided argument, and the author seems to make a lot of assumptions about what goes on in the academic world in terms of using the word critical thinking. What limitations would you place on its use? The limitations I would place is that the author may have placed too much of his opinion in the article. References Capella University. (n. d. ). Critical thinking model. Retrieved from http://media. capella. edu/CourseMedia/PSYC4900/criticalThinking/criticalThinking_wrapper. asp

Main Issues surrounding women in Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Main Issues surrounding women in Sports - Essay Example However, there is also a belief that these screwed up views of female athletes are actually coming to an end in the 21.st century. One of the main issues that surround these female athletes is the way that these athletes are portrayed as sex objects instead of athletes in the media. The athletes prowess in the sport is often swept under the rug because they would rather present the women in an ambivalent light. Thereby not threatening the male athlete counterpart in terms of game knowledge and skill. If possible, these women are pictured as the girl next door or hyper-heterosexual in order to reinforce the traditional female roles of daughter, girlfriend, wife, and mother. But of all of these presentations, the worst two have to be the sexy babe and soft- porn images as depicted in the cover and article photo layouts in sports magazines. There is only one reason as to why the female sports players are presented in this manner and it has everything to do with gender equality and sexual orientation dynamics. For centuries, women have been viewed as the weaker sex and therefore, the second class citizens in their countries. Their influence in society is often limited by economic, social, and political institutions thereby suppressing the media images of women that do not depict them in anything more than feminine or sexual. The need to present women in a non-threatening manner to men (non-sports activity related) is the medias way of assuring those who may be affected by the female athletes success, that a woman can be athletic and excel in her sport of choice and yet remain traditional and fulfill her obligations as expected by society when not actively participating in her sport. Another problem faced by female athletes in their media portrayal is related to the nouns used to describe their mindset while in competition. Whereas men are introduced as young men or young men in order to

A biographical sketch of Johannes Brahms Research Paper

A biographical sketch of Johannes Brahms - Research Paper Example His education began in 1835 when he enrolled at Heinrich Friedrich, elementary school. In 1844, he joined a private secondary school managed by Johann Friedrich Hoffman where he conducted his studies until 1847. He loved Bach and Beethoven and his audience marveled as they watched him play the piano and even conquered that his playing of the Bach was masterful and came from the heart (Van Camp, Leonard, Ottley, Jerold 156). And by 1846, he was earning money for playing piano in some local entertainment joints. Brahms initially became renowned as a composer in the chamber of music, a fact that has made some of his critics to place him in the conservative German camp of Schumann. However, it was his inclination to write in a chamber music style while stressing on thematic-motive development, and logical forms that earned him fame as an accomplished composer of brain music. Chamber music was critical for Brahms compositional output at every level during his auspicious career (Steib 96). Brahms was self-conscious of his technical abilities and worked effortlessly to improve them (Littlewood 344). He started composing at an early age, but he was so self-critical and did not want to acknowledge his effort by putting his name on his compositions. In 1848, Brahms attended a performance by Joseph Joachim in Hamburg Philharmonic Orchestra of Beethoven’s Violin Concert though he did not meet him until 1853. In the same year, Brahms held his first own concert, where he played music composed by; Theo Dohker, Jacob Rosenhain, Marxen, Bach, and Herz. Other artists who performed at the event included Franziske Cornet-Kiel and her daughter Adele. In 1849, Brahms began to write potpourris for music journalist August Cranz under the alias G.W. Marks. The same year he held his second own concert where he performed music by; Sonata, C. Mayer while Cornet-Kiel and her daughter participate yet again. He

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Microeconomics - Essay Example In addition, microeconomics looks into decisions made by businesses regarding production and prices attached to goods and services produced by individual businesses. In general, microeconomics deals with economic decisions made on a micro level (McEachern 13). A clear understanding of microeconomics is essential since it builds a platform through which macroeconomics is constructed. Macroeconomics pays attention to a wider perspective of economic issues. Its main focus is on the national economy in general, providing a basis understanding of how issues relate to each other in the world of business. It is essential to have an understanding of microeconomics and macroeconomics in order to learn how the economy works for a given country. Decisions made by firms and individuals in microeconomics are largely influenced by costs and benefits. In this case, cost can occur in the form of financial cost or opportunity costs. Financial costs can be in the form of total variable costs or average fixed costs while opportunity costs are alternatives foregone (McEachern 14). Microeconomics has a number of questions that economics under this branch of economy attempt to answer. Examples of such questions include impacts of changes on prices of goods on people’s purchasing decisions, impacts of increased income, and impacts of changes on interests on national savings. Economists are of the opinion that the market has two parts; the demand and supply part. The demand side consists of households, economic agents, and firms. These components of the demand side go to markets to source certain goods and services. The supply side comprises of suppliers who supply goods and services to specific markets. In this case, firms are the main suppliers (Boyes & Melvin 21). In markets holding finished goods, those who demand mainly comprise of consumers at household levels. Contrary to this, the main consumers of capital goods include firms such as

Max Weber the sociologist Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Max Weber the sociologist - Research Paper Example His theories broke new ground, proposing that interpretive, non-empirical evidence can be used to analyze and understand the intentions and actions of individuals within socio-economic groups. Weber’s works put into perspective the effect of culture and religion on economics. Placed within a historical perspective, Weber’s work was bold for the time in that it refutes the notion that there can be a quantifiable gauge for the study of social dynamics. Observation and analysis, skills that served Weber well during his esteemed career, were part of a legacy of academic achievement, passed on to him by his accomplished parents. Weber: A brief biography Born into an affluent family, Weber’s father was trained as an attorney, held a prominent position in the civil service and was a member of the National Liberal Party. Max Weber, Sr.’s involvement in public life exposed his son to a wealth of socio-political ideas, the family’s home being something of a g athering place for many leading intellectuals of the period. The younger Weber thrived in this atmosphere, which inspired him to take up Goethe, whom he read voraciously from a young age as well as many other volumes of classical works (Ringer, 2004). Law school and a brief stint in the military during World War I were followed by the beginnings of a legal career, which further whetted his appetite for research and theory. The early stages of his professional life were marked by social and economic studies inspired by a growing Max Weber 4 progressive movement, which Weber joined in 1888 as a member of the Verein fur Sozialpolitik, a professional association for economists. â€Å"What united the members of the Verein was a belief that reforms were urgently needed in Germany† (Swedberg & Agevall, 2005). The Verein proved to be a stepping stone for Weber, who earned notice for his report on the displacement of workers in East Prussia by Polish emigres (Kim, 2007). Appointments to Freiburg, then Heidelberg University followed. It was at Heidelberg that Weber’s brilliance attracted the attention of other intellectuals, writers and scholars in the charged academic atmosphere of the famous university town. Germany of the late-19th century was a brash new nation, one gripped by hubris and the aggressive policies of the Prussian political ascendancy. The nation’s burgeoning self-confidence gripped many in the intellectual class, including some of Weber’s contemporaries. Refusing to be swept up, Weber remained true to his progressive convictions, venting his feelings about Germany’s increasing predilection for saber rattling. â€Å"(Weber) also wrote passionate polemics in behalf of parliamentary reform and against the annexationist hysteria that seized many of his colleagues†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ringer, 2004). After his father’s death in 1896, Weber’s unresolved, stormy relationship with his parent contributed to a nervous b reakdown, which so debilitated Weber that he was eventually forced to resign from his teaching post and to suspend all scholarly activities. Ironically, Weber’s condition, which led to an abrupt and radical change in his professional life, brought about an intellectual change of direction and priority that would round out his personal philosophy and make him a pioneer in the developing field of social science (Kim, 2007). The resultant study

CRJS410 Unit 2IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRJS410 Unit 2IP - Research Paper Example that every unit (city, town, county or state) whose data has been made availed is unique and faces unique challenges so that it is unfair and not empirical, to compare two different and incomparable units. Conversely, the warning is also issued because the public has the proclivity to make comparative assessments by comparing statistical data of different units. These units neither factor the complex-whole because information gathering has to be limited to certain objectives nor do members of the public consider the overlooking of the complex-whole in the war on crime. The import of this is that the public is bound to make wrong conclusions in their assessments, since they had wrong premises fed by inadequate information. The overall impact of the foregoing can take a multifaceted look as the public is bound to make wrong conclusions to the effect that a unit is ineffective or moribund in the war on crime. The culmination of this may be the straining of the police/law-enforcement-public/community relations (Hayes, 2005). This is a widely held and oversimplified conception about a thing, a person or a group of people. An action such as an arrest that may be informed by this widely held and oversimplified conception toward a person may also be referred to as stereotyping. Racism is an action that is informed by the unfounded belief that members of each race have abilities, inadequacies and characteristics that are specific to the given race, as a way of distinguish the race as being superior or inferior to other races or another race (Philip and Tilman, 2007). The term institutional support refers to a part of the economic environment of law enforcement which comprises institutions and authorities whose active support and decisions (such as law, financial and non-financial logistics and regulations determine the functioning of any law enforcement organ. Social categorization refers to the process or the act of classifying people into groups according to similar

Harley davidson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Harley davidson - Essay Example this mission by providing to the motorcyclists and the general public with vast line of motorcycles, accompanied with branded products and services through the selected market segments. The first objective is attracting customers from the vast younger generation and women. The second objective is achieving a balance existing through empowering the brand and the rising of value. The next objective is engaging in the production of high-quality products and aim at reducing on the customer complaints. Finally, Harley Davidson aims at enhancing operational efficiency while putting focus on the Global Market through engaging towards raising the company’s market shares. 4. Be able to grow into a global enterprise and be able to maintain on the operation basing on a strategic international market with the purpose of supporting the company’s worldwide dealer and distributor networks. There is need to see expansion on the Rider’s Edge as a measure of experiencing the dream of riding The company adopts an Open Door Policy in all of its areas of operations as a measure aimed at encouraging the employee involvement in the initiatives of transforming the company. The second policy is about Protecting Trademarks & Patents. The third policy is Empowering R&D in order to become a leader in the market and develop better products. The final policy is engaging in Climate Change initiatives that are in light with the changing global science and policy. 5. The company provides memorable experiences to its buyers as a measure of developing an intense brand loyalty 6. Engage in building a strong relationship with the suppliers as an initiative of getting quality products and cost reduction. There was an excessive concentration on aging baby boomers and with some current efforts shifting to women and young generation. The strategy aims at increasing the number of sales by teaching this target population how to ride. Secondly, there is a need for providing training for rider

Understanding Traumatic Migrant Sex Workers and Trafficked Women Essay

Understanding Traumatic Migrant Sex Workers and Trafficked Women - Essay Example Although women trafficking and the trauma of the women have become foremost priority for social workers, yet they face daily challenges to get engaged with this group of migrants. I traveled to Italy from Nigeria with my aunt at the age of 16 for the purpose of working in her boutique. Once I reached there, I was forced to enter into prostitution. The money received from this was taken by my aunt and I was threatened to remain silent about the matter. For two years I was dehumanized, humiliated and maltreated after which I managed to escape from the ordeal. It was the most traumatic experience of my life as I had nowhere to go nor I could seek help from anyone. The modern concept of indigenization emerged in the third world countries initiated by the western power. The subject of social science was implanted from the West during colonialism in order to strengthen and make a permanent impact of the western power. As a result in the third world countries both political and academic ventures were influenced by the western colonialism. In order to achieve self governance it was important for â€Å"political decolonization and the indigenization of social sciences or intellectual decolonization.† (Yunong & Xiong, 2008, p.612) I chose migrant sex workers and trafficked women as the subject of my topic to discuss them in the background of indigenous social sciences. There are some liberal advocators of indigenization who admit that social sciences cannot be limited by any boundaries and conditions. They argue that the ideas and the principles are only common factors that are adopted from studies in western civilization. This group of advoc ators is more inclined towards a union of both perspectives and their attempt is to make social sciences more transcultural (Yunong & Xiong, 2008, p.612). In my opinion, the social policies of any particular country should

The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts Coursework

The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts - Coursework Example In technological writings or introduction of technology by historians, there has been reports and history of successful technologies and the failed ones are not included due to which, it seems that all technology is beneficial. Technological artifacts exist as social constructs. Science, as well as technology, can be understood as the social construct. EPOR (Empirical Programme of Relativism) has helped to construct science as a social construct. EPOR also represents the efforts of sociologists to understand science as a social construct. EPOR is a well-structured program and the empirical research related to EPOR is in an extensive extent while on the other hand, there is SCOT (Social Construction of Technology) for which there is not enough empirical research done. SCOT helps in the development of a multidirectional model for technological developments to construct artifacts of technology as social constructs. The members of one social group regard a technological artifact as having a single meaning socially. While thinking about the existence of a technological artifact as having a single meaning, there are many concerns such as whether the artifact has some relevancy for the members of a group and whether that social group is homogeneous or heterogeneous. For each social group, the artifact has a different social meaning and a different relevancy. Every social group has the different set of problems associated with an artifact and for each problem, there are separate solutions. Both the approaches EPOR and SCOT act similarly in explaining about science and technology relatively. Sociology of technology is underdeveloped than the sociology of science. EPOR approach accommodates sociology of science with interpretative flexibility which means that the sociologist of science has to indicate towards various interpretations of scientific findings and that various aspects of nature are not restricted to only one forced interpretation.  

Internet Marketing Essay Example for Free

Internet Marketing Essay Topshop is clothing store selling clothes, shoes and jewellery; they have stores in nearly all towns across the UK. Topshop also has an online store that you can buy they’re products from and they deliver to your home for a small price. You can order your chosen products wherever you are in the world, as they deliver worldwide. Also on the Topshop website you can choose the language preferred to shop online making it easier for people to use. If you change the language to shop on the Topshop website the currency automatically changes. This allows the business to sell globally, which will make them a lot more profit. Topshop also use social networking sites and mobile apps to support their communication, as they have a Facebook and Twitter page to promote their products and answer any questions from customers. Also Topshop have a mobile app so you can save, send and share all your favourite looks, and shop the pieces you’re after from their website. This is a great way of promotion as everyone today uses social networking websites, so it’s a way for them to be seen and keep up to date with what people are wearing and what people want. Topshop can also promote their last minute promotions such as sales through their website and mobile app. There are plenty of advantages for this, as not only is it money efficient it’s quick and Easy and can be seen by a lot of people. Using their website to promote sale is money efficient as they already have the website and the staff working it, if they printed out flyers or advertised in magazines etc. it would cost a lot more and it would probably be seen by less people. Topshop also sells ranges from different designers other than themselves; I think they do this to attract customers who buy from them specific designers to buy from them. Also this gives them a lot more variety and they will make a profit from it. ASDA also have an online store, which they sell everything from food to car insurance. ASDA tries to engage customers on their website by the use of videos, slide shows, animated backgrounds and their own radio station you can listen to online. They do this so people will want to look further into the website and hopefully buy the advertised products. Also the slideshows appears on the home page of the website, so people can see everything they provide on the first page. ASDA have a lot of competitors such as Tesco, Sainsbury’s etc. so they are constantly updated and new things to their website to beat the competitors. ASDA have identified new market development opportunities such having an in store opticians and pharmacy, doing this not only helps them make a profit but it keeps them ahead of their competition. River Island communicates with their customers through their website very well as they give customers a choice to make an online account; this is so the customers can keep record of their orders, order faster and efficiently. This helps them understand their customers as they know what their customers want and it benefits them as they know what sells the most and is popular with their target audience. River Island’s website provides the opportunity for the customers to use their online size guide for both men and woman, so their customers buy the correct sizes that customers will feel comfortable in. I think this is really effective for both the business and the customer, as the business will have fewer complaints and returned from the wrong sizes. For the customer this is good because you know that you will defiantly buy the size that fits and you don’t need to worry about sending them back or not having an outfit on time.

Proposal for Light Rail Transit System in Hamilton

Proposal for Light Rail Transit System in Hamilton LRT SYSTEM PROPOSAL LRT System Background Integrative public transportation is critical for any metropolitan city, and Hamilton is by no means an exception. Transportation is a key issue in Hamilton and a sustainable transportation system such as the LRT system is the answer to the congestion problems. The LRT system is more than just moving people from place to place. It is about providing a catalyst for the development of high quality, safe, sustainable and affordable transportation options for our citizens, connecting key destination points, stimulating economic development and revitalizing Hamilton (Daily Commercial News, 2014). By planning and implementing an LRT system with an eco-friendly focus, it is indicative of a community oriented city. An LRT system would have a positive influence in terms of economics in the city, by attracting new businesses and increasing investment. On top of that, the environment would be better off as there would be less congestion and pollution. An LRT system would contribute to the abili ty to provide the city with a better image by being cleaner and more modern. Currently, Hamilton is highly dependent on automobiles and by designing the city around rapid transit systems; it can connect many destinations together. The purpose of the project is to provide the citizens of Hamilton with a better economic, social and environmental quality of life (Hamilton Rapid Transit, 2010). Downtown Hamilton is a massive economic center and employment cluster. Many Hamiltonians actually have occupations in Hamilton, and it is clear that the priority should be improving the transportation system and in particular the speed, consistency and the quality of Hamilton’s transportation system. Therefore, it is evident that Light Rail Transit will revitalize the urban neighbourhoods, attract new investment, improve air quality and reduce the congestion of cars in Hamilton. Alternate Routes/ Stops Downtown Hamilton is without a doubt an attractive destination for a variety of attractions and businesses. Therefore, it can be very beneficial to build a Light Rail Transit system that travels through downtown. There needs to be a lot of thought and consideration when constructing potential stops within downtown Hamilton, as the LRT needs to take into account on how to best increase citizen access to places of employment, residential areas, and key municipal services. The three proposed stops were chosen because of their proximity to major intersections, where vehicle and pedestrian traffic is quite high. Many would view the intersection of King Street West and Macnab Street South as a great location for a stop. However, upon doing more research it is evident that this location is not a critical stop because there is too much car and pedestrian congestion. To build a LRT stop in this location at the heart of Hamilton’s downtown core would mean months of road closures and con struction. This would result in negative impacts to any businesses within this radius. Additionally, another location that was rejected was Cannon Street West and Macnab Street South. This location was rejected for the reason that it was too close to our third stop at Cannon Street West and Bay Street North. If we put a stop at this location it would defeat the purpose of the LRT of being a faster and more sustainable way of transportation for the citizens of Hamilton. In this case it would be like a bus making frequent stops every few blocks. Additionally, this location has little pedestrian traffic, little lighting, and no businesses or buildings around. Therefore, this location would defeat the purpose of the LRT and reducing congestion. Another poor stop location would be at the intersection of Cannon Street West and Hess Street North. At first glance, one would think this would be a great location for a stop due to the area being populated on weekends and weeknights. However, t his area is populated with a younger demographic of mostly students, and a few substantial issues arise. Since the primary demographic in this area is younger citizens that are perhaps more immature, this could result in problems with people abusing and not respecting the LRT service. In turn, some people will avoid the LRT system as a whole and not take advantage of the system. Overall, these stops are best to be avoided as they will provide minimal benefit to the citizens of Hamilton. Justification of Chosen Route Following the analysis of a few routes, it was chosen that James Street North would be the primary street for the Light Rail Transit system to travel on. Bay Street North was rejected for the primary route as it is a one way street fromAberdeen Avenueto Cannon Street West. Additionally, it has only two lanes with many large parking lots running alongside and with the Hamilton Court House taking up a major section along Bay Street. Bay Street is not suitable because past King Street West, there are minimal amounts of pedestrians which are critical to the LRT systems effectiveness. By moving a few blocks East to James Street South, this presents a much more logical location and opportunity for the LRT System to be situated. This location would provide the necessary social, environmental and economic requirements to make the LRT system as beneficial as possible. There are many advantages with the proposed route, but in particular stimulating Hamilton’s economy is one of the biggest benefits of the LRT implementation plan. The construction of the LRT itself would potentially create 6000 jobs, while the operation and maintenance of the system would create over 1000 (Hamilton Rapid Transit, 2010). In addition, since the primary street for the route is James Street, this will provide a faster and more efficient mode of transportation for the people living in this area. On top of that, it would potentially bring more customers to small businesses throughout Hamilton, and in particularly on James Street. Overall, real estate value of those homes situated near the LRT system in Hamilton will also increase as a result (Higgins, 2012). This particular chosen route has many positive impacts on the surrounding neighbourhoods around the downtown core and in particular, greatly benefits the day to day living conditions of the residents living around James Street. A major advantage of this route is that it travels directly through the area which is known as the, â€Å"code-red zone.† Maps show the neighbourhoods in close proximity of James Street as being below the poverty line (â€Å"Code red: Mapping,† 2006). An LRT route travelling through the area would see real estate values increase; and a domino effect will follow and encourage more construction building and investment into developing the downtown core. Furthermore, the establishment of LRT would encourage people to actually use public transport and reduce the amount of vehicles in the downtown core. This would result in traffic congestion being significantly reduced. The intersection of James and King is very noisy and would drastically benefit by having less congestion, especially at peak traffic hours. As congestion decreases, this results in environmental benefits by having less pollution and less noise around the LRT system. The LRT system runs solely on electricity, producing no emissions and therefore no sound. However, with any massive construction project there also come disadvantages. After examining the proposed route, a clear disadvantage arises when analyzing the landscape of James Street North. The area is extremely dense in not only population, but with large commercial buildings and small businesses surrounding it. This means that heavy construction for the LRT would need to take place and creates a significant challenge for the City of Hamilton. In the short term, this would create significant traffic congestion but the final product would be well worth the short term congestion. The other disadvantage is that there is a possibility of trees and bushes getting in the way of construction because there is quite an abundance running around James Street, which poses another challenge. Overall, this particular route has advantages that far outweigh the disadvantages, by providing citizens with an improved quality of life, environmental benefits and connecting key destinations together. Stop Two: Intersection of King St E. and James St N The second proposed stop for the LRT system is to be located at the intersection of King Street East and James Street North. This stop is very critical for numerous reasons. Firstly, this intersection is the heart and center of Hamilton’s downtown core. In addition, James Street is distinctively known as being historical and introducing unique buildings such as the Lister Block building in 1961 which was the first indoor commercial mall in Canada. This intersection is also home to the Bank of Nova Scotia and the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC). This is an attractive location for a stop because of all the businesses in the vicinity such as banks, restaurants and KPMG LLP Hamilton. Additionally, there are numerous consumer outlets such as Jackson Square directly at the intersection, with many fast food and restaurants in the surrounding area. Jackson Square is an indoor shopping mall and commercial complex that also houses a movie theatre. The major advantage of this s top is that there are four bus shelters all within 50 metres of the intersection. This is important as this is obviously a very key stop for citizens and they could all greatly benefit by using the more efficient LRT system as opposed to busses. Along with this, people that use the bus service on a daily basis will be able to see how much faster and efficient this system is compared to taking a bus, while also reducing their carbon footprint. Since this intersection is at the heart of downtown Hamilton, it will serve as a positive reflection on Hamilton’s dedication to a clean and environmentally sound future. Finally, it will reduce traffic congestion by eliminating a majority of the downtown bus routes. The major disadvantage is the fact that since there are many large buildings and many businesses, building the LRT system through this location would pose a significant challenge. This is due to the high traffic density and pedestrian traffic that may pose a threat to the sp eed of the construction process. Although this is only a short term disadvantage of building in this location, the benefits will be very noticeable in such as traffic congested area. References Dailycommercialnews.com,. (2014). Hamilton’s transit future shifting gears?. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://www.dailycommercialnews.com/Home/News/2014/5/Hamiltons-transit-future-shifting-gears-DCN060326W/. Hamilton Rapid Transit. (2010). Moving Hamilton Forward with LRT. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://www.hamiltonrapidtransit.ca/wp content/uploads/2011/03/RT_Funding_Proposal_FINAL.pdf. Higgins, Christopher D.(2012, April). The North American Light Rail Experience: Insights for Hamilton. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://mitl.mcmaster.ca/documents/MITL_LRT_August.pdf. Media.metroland.com,. (2015). Hamilton and Area Census Tracts. Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://media.metroland.com/thespec.com/statistics_flash/. ALL THE REFERENCES HAVE TO BE IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER

Carbon Reduction Treaties and the World Trade Organization

Carbon Reduction Treaties and the World Trade Organization Trade and Climate Change: Proposal for Reconciling the WTO with Carbon-Reduction Treaties Executive Summary The relationship between climate change and the rules controlling the international players is an area that has elicited a lot of debate. Some of the trade agreements undermine the ability of governments to implement climate policies in their own countries. The fight for climate change is a battle for the policy makers in trade since if the conditions are not conducive for trade to happen; their profits will dwindle. Developing countries will have to suffer an extra cost on their exports if the playing field is not level with the international partners. All players in the provision of goods and services should price carbon emission costs correctly to ensure market efficiency. The policy and regulatory changes needed should affect both trade and climate change. This should be a global initiative and not just the leading partners. The effort and implement of proper policies by one party will not be sufficient, as their action will be watered down by the activities by the others. This p aper looks at the effects climate change has had on business at the local and international level. It also looks at ways in which the World Trade Organization rules and regulations conflict with International conventions on climate change, especially carbon emission reduction. Finally, I attempt to make proposals on how this problem of climate change could be resolved without necessarily causing an imbalance in the markets. Trade and Climate Change: Proposal for Reconciling the WTO with Carbon-Reduction Treaties Introduction Free trade could improve the welfare of many countries. This is rarely achievable though since countries have varying economic powers. They get into trade agreements with neighbors and have a sort of exchange of resources. These relationships are usually a give and take with the politics playing a major role. The inter-relation between climate change and international trade has gravely impacted developing countries. Much emphasis has not been given to provide a solution to a combined effort to reduce the effects of global warming caused by human intervention. Our actions now have far-reaching consequences and will affect generations to come.   In the quest to meet the needs of our respective countries, we are depleting the natural resources and poisoning the environment. This paper will attempt to highlight the potential areas of conflict between various economic interests and the interventions proposed by the trade partners and advocacy groups such as Wort Trade Organizations (WTO). Background The world stands at a crucial juncture with respect to global economic policy development. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been formulated through global governance to bring forth a new perception of the issue of climate change to protect the earth’s economy, the human race and the environment (Edouard & Bernstein, 2016). Carbon-Reduction Treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change together with the SDGs are examples of currents ways through which world leaders have come together for the sake of saving the world economy by agreeing to join forces and tackle carbon emissions with one voice. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a body of International partners who have come together to engage on matters concerning the world’s climate. It started as a call to countries to limit global temperatures and control climate changes and working towards the impact of already existing effects of climate change (Park, 2016). The Paris Climate Agreement is an accord within the (UNFCCC) was adopted in December 2015. This Agreement deals with greenhouse gas emission mitigation, adoption and finance commencing 2020.   The agreement was negotiated by 196 parties and signed by 195 members. The Paris Agreement reached an agreement in 2015 where the signatories concurred to restrict global warming ‘well below 2 °C and to pursue further reduction of these temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius (Raes, Liao, Chen & Seinfeld, 2010). Each country is expected to formulate policies and implement them the best way they see fit and finally report to the UNFCCC on their contribution towards mitigation of global warming. They agreed not to set any enforcement mechanisms of this agreement, but they would at the minimum be expected to go beyond earlier set targets. This stance was adopted after it was found impossible to ensure compliance under the Kyoto Protocol (Gupta, 2014). The concerns about this Agreement are that the current pledges by countries are not going to meet the required quota to meet the global target. Countries are not yet effecting policies to ensure carbon dioxide reduction emissions. The lack of an enforcement mechanism means nothing can be done to anyone who fails to implement policies of engage in activities that are geared towards environmental protection. The agreement was just a promise by the heads of state with no legal binding effect. No sanctions such as carbon tax can be imposed on one for failure of compliance (Park, 2016). Private investors are to take up the role of meeting the Sustainable Development Goal No.13 on ensuring action concerning climate change and its impact (Goal 13 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, 2017). This involves low carbon ventures and clean technology. The government’s role in this instance would be limited, and hopefully, the conditions in the business environments in the countries would be conducive. The existing trade agreements are of two kinds: Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) and Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA). The RTAs are reciprocal agreements between partners. They include customs unions, free trade agreements, etc. PTAs are unilateral preferences that mean the developed countries are given preferential tariffs on their imports from the LCDs and other non-reciprocal preferential systems. The most significant area of conflict between the rules in these trade agreements and climate change is the status of border tax adjustment within WTO’s General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). At the moment there is no carbon pricing to enable meeting of the objectives of climate change under UNFCCC principles (Park, 2016). Strategies to combat climate change suggested by partners are many and varied such as: (1) imposing carbon tax or border tax adjustment. These tax caps are to offset any adverse effects of capping carbon dioxide releases into countries that are not executing the Kyoto protocol. (2) Increased reliance on renewable energies thereby reducing pollution and emission of gases into the atmosphere; and offering inducements for energy efficiency and preservation; (3) lowered subsidies for fossil fuels; and (4) transnational transmissions, so developing countries shun burning coal (Park, 2016). Effects of Climate Change on Business Rapid climate adjustment threatens the global economy not so much for the current generation but for future generations. Under the earlier discussed treaties, countries are expected to meet their targets through national intervention. Their efforts are monitored and recorded in the International Transaction Log by the United Nations (UN) Climate Change Secretariat to ensure compliance with the protocol. The Kyoto Protocol presented 3 market-based instruments to realize the targets by members (Mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol). These instruments would motivate sustainable growth through skill transfer and investment; remove carbon in an affordable manner and inspire the privately owned businesses and unindustrialized nations to support the decline struggle. These mechanisms included Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); Joint Implementation (JI), and Emissions Trading (ET) (Goal 13 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, 2017). A recent study by James Hansen and other co-authors indicated that the glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica could be melting faster than had earlier been predicted. This would mean that within 50 years, the sea levels would rise by 10–20 feet (2015). This means that coastal cities and countries such as New York, Haiti, etc. would suffer tremendously. This is just a simple example of what climate change can do to a country. This is the reason why in 2015, the Conference of Parties (COP21) met in France to discuss International Trade in the face of climate change. The expectation was that these partners would nurture development, create businesses and improvement progress. Developing countries that still rely on the natural habitat for their existence are being affected by global warming, therefore, perpetuating more poverty. This leaves them impoverished since they will not produce any resources to engage in trade.   For example, in Africa, tourism is the main source of income for the countries with tourists visiting from all over the world to see wild animals in their natural habitat. Due to the effects of climate change, there are wildfires and drought that ravage them killing the animals discouraging sightseers. The down at the African Coast of Indian Ocean, the fish stock has gone down due to overfishing and the fact that the sea temperatures have increased, it is no longer possible to support the once attractive marine life (Reiter, 2015). Most of the African nations rely on agriculture for cash crops. This is slowly changing, as there has been a massive loss of biodiversity experienced. Not only will these countries find it difficult to feed their people, they will have nothing to trade with in exchange for the good and services they lack. For instance, the Tanzanian coast which is a central port for trade within the East African community is expected to rise by 70 centimeters by 2070. This would mean the government revenue will be affected and so will service delivery to the people. Reconciling the WTO with Carbon-Reduction Treaties In 2010, parties to the Multilateral Conventions (WTO, UNFCCC) were unable to reach consensus on reduction of emissions of heat-trapping gases at the Copenhagen climate conference and at the WTO Doha Round in 2001 since they involved complex issues. The issue of cross-linking concessions did not make the discussion easier. There are those scholars who believe that climate change is brought about by countries failing to observe the environmental cost of production, therefore, the society bears the brunt of these actions. There exists monopolies appear as a result of the absence of intervention or if they do not provide a conducive business environment. At the international level, however, market failure leads to a dysfunctioning world economy. As a result of the failure of the Doha and Copenhagen meetings, the U.S and the European Union blamed China and India whom they say are the main emitters of CO2 for failing to commit to the reduction of the emissions under UNFCC (Hermwille, 2018). 3 Policy proposals were fronted as follows: BTAFU: BorderTax Adjustment based on Foreign Unrestricted Carbon Content BTADU: Border Tax Adjustment based on Domestic Unrestricted Carbon Content BTADE: Scenario Efficient Border Tax Adjustment A tax on Carbon would guarantee efficacy between producers from countries with high carbon taxes when compared to with no carbon dioxide emission (Hermwille, 2018). Other trade policy options would include the use of domestic and export subsidies to give national companies an upper hand over international companies. Subsidizing could lead to obligations and subsequently protracted proceedings through the WTO disagreement settlement procedures. If the governments then agree on rights and duties, countries with CO2 reduction policies and existing trade measures may be tempted to reaction as a result of imagined unfair price advantage from countries with policies on carbon reduction (Hermwille, 2018). There exist general exceptions provisions within WTO rules and agreement, which would ordinarily be considered inconsistent with mainstream obligations, which allow trade restrictions of trade to protect, e.g., animals, plants or health to safeguard finite natural resources. These processes can be implemented in a general manner avoiding tedious litigation (Hermwille, 2018). The parties could use the Trade-Related Investment Measures Agreement (TRIMS) as a discussed and resuscitated idea. There was a list of export limitations, trade balancing requirements and home-grown/ local content requirement. TRIMS were a handy trade agreements permitting under developed countries to safeguard their industries. It could be used to now protect industries which committed to reduction of CO2 and dubbed Green Trims ++ (Hermwille, 2018). TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) have exceptions which could be used to help the least developed countries to advance. Technology from developed countries that aid in carbon reduction could be acquired through the â€Å"compulsory licensing† clause making it easier for these countries (LDCs). TRIPS could be widened to include TRIPS++ (Hermwille, 2018). The other solution would be by using the Plurilateral agreements to combine three different sectors as follows:   a) energy (goods and services), b) environment (goods and services) and c) trade (Preferential Trade Agreements) and development (Aid-for-Trade, Enhanced Integrated Framework, TRTAs). This would enable the countries to align their trade and development interests to a green objective (Hermwille, 2018). The WTO’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement) may be applied to combat the excessive fossil fuel subsidies. This Agreement has general restrictions have previously not been effective in limiting fossil fuel subsidies since it has been seen as an expensive endeavor (Hermwille, 2018). Plausible Solutions to Climate Changes at National and International levels To end these problems, there has to be a concerted effort, especially by all actors both in developed and developing countries. Trade alterations, trade inducements or subsidizations that encourage wasteful and unsanctionable trade and industry activities must cease to exist. The predisposition to create new hurdles touching on renewables, comprising biofuels, needs to be addressed at the local and international level. Have strict requirements concerning the burden of trade measures, which tend to work against sustainable development goals. Doing away with fossil fuel subsidies such as tax breaks, loans, cheap land, etc. that encourages big corporations to deplete the non-renewable energy sources as opposed to investing in alternative energy sources.   Carbon emissions have increasingly gotten out of hand with the fossil fuels burning such as gas, oil or coal. Carbon dioxide is released into the air when these fuels are being produced. It should thereafter be re-absorbed by plants and animals, but it is too much in the atmosphere making the global temperatures rise. This is global warming. These players need to be incentivized to reduce carbon emissions. Trade and investments are important in making a difference in markets and spreading them. If the players could be allowed to engage in an open trading system, with agreed rules, the producers of fossil energy would increase on efficacy and reduce wastage. As shown in the below, low carbon investment may possibly be attained at domestic echelons through state intervention, industry players, civil societies, private sector etc. (International governance options to strengthen WTO and UNFCCC1, 2011) Source: (Saner, 2011) At the international level, International production organizations should go green. This should be felt at all levels of production and putting in place a verifiable process to ensure strict compliance of the final outcome or process. Multilateral agreements and covenants such as Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) have attempted to achieve this but with little success. Financial markets both local and international could be rewarded for investing in climate adaptation and mitigation. They could be compelled to have an environmental and social governance performance report. This will push them to perform in a more responsible way. Tariffs on environmental technologies should be abolished to encourage innovation of environmentally friendly technologies accessible to many. Wind turbines, solar panels are some of the examples that come to mind that would help developing countries. The Montreal protocol is viewed as one of the most successful multilateral environmental agreements ever. It has received funding from UNDP, UNEP, and the World Bank and spent this money through environmental conservation programs. The Clean Technology Fund is guided by UNFCC principles and finances clean technology transfers, which was to be used for financing technology transfers. These are all good actions by the World Bank, but this has not stopped them from also funding carbon-demanding projects in line with their normal procedures. These funds are in the form of loans so they will eventually have to be paid off at a steep cost especially to the developing countries. This cannot, therefore, be said to be a self-actualization of the Kyoto commitments. Conclusion To reconcile trade rules and climate policies would require the effort of all global partners including the Least Developed Countries. Governments must take it upon themselves to implement the proposals stated herein and other dictates in the WTO agreements. Bearing in mind that WTO is no longer an efficient negotiating partner, countries should engage in regional, bilateral or Plurilateral agreements that support their policies on climate change but at the same time do not stifle international change. A balance can be found where positive climate provisions could find their way in trade policies and vice versa. References Edouard, L., & Bernstein, S. (2016). Challenges for Measuring Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals.  African Journal Of Reproductive Health,  20(3), 45-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.9 Goal 13 .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. (2017).  Sustainabledevelopment.un.org. Retrieved 22 April 2018, from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg13 Gupta, A. (2014). Clean development mechanism of Kyoto Protocol.  International Journal Of Climate Change Strategies And Management,  6(2), 116-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-09-2012-0051 Hermwille, L. (2018). Making initiatives resonate: how can non-state initiatives advance national contributions under the UNFCCC?.  International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law And Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-018-9398-9 Park, D. (2016).  Legal issues on climate change and international trade law. Springer. Raes, F., Liao, H., Chen, W., & Seinfeld, J. (2010). Atmospheric chemistry-climate feedbacks.  Journal Of Geophysical Research,  115(D12). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009jd013300 Reiter, J. (2015).  What does climate change mean for the future of trade?.  World Economic Forum. Retrieved 22 April 2018, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/12/what-does-climate-change-mean-for-the-future-of-trade/ Saner, R. (2011).  International governance options to strengthen WTO and UNFCCC. Retrieved from http://www.diplomacydialogue.org/images/files/20110611-International%20governance%20options%20to%20strengthen%20WTO%20and%20UNFCCC.pdf

Christianity And Lord Of The Rings Essay -- essays research papers

If the study of literature shows nothing else, it shows that every author, consciously or subconsciously, creates his (or her) work after his (or her) own worldview. Tolkien is no exception. "I am a Christian..." he writes(1), and his book shows it. Christianity appears not as allegory--Tolkien despises that(2)--nor as analogy, but as deep under girding presuppositions, similarities of pattern, and shared symbols. That there should be similarities between the presuppositions of of The Lord of the Rings and Tolkien's Catholic faith is to be expected given Tolkien's own views on Christianity and myth. Regarding the gospel story Tolkien wrote, "The gospels contain a fairy-story, or a story of a larger kind which embraces all the essences of fairy-stories."(3)Since all myths are subordinate to the overarching "myth," it would be surprising if parallels were not found between greater and lesser. This is certainly true where the author consciously recognizes his archetype. If he has at all grasped its form and meaning, if the archetype has at all succeeded in working its way to his heart, then it must also work its way to his pen. The essence of the gospel and of fairy-tales is, in Tolkien's own word, euchatastrophe--the surprising, hopeful turn in all man's despair and sorrow. Joy is the result, a brief glimpse springing out of the inherent evangelium of the genre.(4)This is the dominant note of, and even the apology for, fairy-tales. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy is set in a pre-Christian world. Hence it cannot adopt an explicit Christianity. Nonetheless it can, and does, shadow Christianity just as the Old Testament pre-shadowed the New, although admittedly Tolkien's is a post-view set as a pre-view. The Christian types to be found in The Lord of the Rings which we will examine are of two sorts: shared world view and shared symbols. The first category embraces such distinctly philosophical issues as good and evil, historical perspective, freewill and predestination, grace, mercy, providence, judgment and redemption. The development of these themes in The Lord of the Rings is Christian or at least Hebraic. Shared imagery is no less important to the tenor of the whole work. An example of shared imagery is the antithesis of dark and light so evident in both John the Apostle and Tolkien. Observe the close connection between Hal... ...Apollo Editions) pp. 158-77.[back] 18. I-347. [back] Additonal References Auden, W. H. "Good and Evil in The Lord of the Rings." Critical Quarterly 10 (Spring/Summer 1968) pp 138-42. ------------ "A World Imaginary but Real." Encounter 3 (November, 1954) pp. 59-62. Callahan, Patrick J. "Animism and Magic in Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings." Riverside Quarterly, Volume 14 No. 4 (March 1971) pp. 240-250. Kocher, Paul Harold. Master of Middle Earth; the Fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972. Meisel, Sandra L. "Some Motifs and Sources for The Lord of the Rings." Riverside Quarterly 3 (March 1968) pp. 125-8. Pfotenhauer, Paul. "Christian Themes in Tolkien." Cresset 32 (January 1969) pp. 13-15. Sale, Roger. "England's Parnassus: C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and J. R. R. Tolkien." Hudson Review 17 (Summer, 1964) pp. 203-225. Stimpson, Catherine R. J. R. R. Tolkien. Columbia Essays on Modern Authors #41. New York:Columbia University Press, 1969. Urang, Gunnar. Shadows of Heaven: Religion and Fantasy in the Writings of C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams and J. R. R. Tolkien. Philadelphia: Pilgrim Press, 1971.

Making a Less Restrictive Environment Through Inclusion Essay -- Inclu

Making a Less Restrictive Environment Through Inclusion Inclusion can be an excellent opportunity for many students with special needs when the classroom situation appropriately fits the needs of the students with special needs, the needs of the rest of the students in the classroom, and the teacher. It allows special needs children the ability to defy stigmas, a deficit of resources, and unrealistically low expectations. Social atmospheres enable both the special needs and non-special needs children necessary potential bonding opportunities for proper development. Additionally, the increased class size and demands mandate additional support and aid for the teacher. Unfortunately, there still exists much debate over the definition of inclusion as well as the implementation of it. Arguments over consequences, support, effectiveness, and funding dampen its effects. The future of the inclusion process for special needs children still leaves much to the imagination. Conclusion: The issues surrounding special needs children are diverse and not easily rectified. The complication and variety of the children’s situations and individual needs are a further complication to this dilemma. The children, those with and without special needs, are undoubtedly the future of the world; All should be equipped to deal with tomorrow’s challenges with the most formidable tools at disposal. This should be priority one. Inclusion can be an excellent opportunity for many students with special needswhen the classroom situation appropriately fits the needs of the student with special needs, as well as the rest of the students in the classroom, and the teacher. There are many advantages of integrating a student with special needs i... ...html Sullivan, L. (2001). Why Inclusion? Retrieved October 25, 2003, from: http://www.childcareresourcesinc.org/pdfs/TS525.pdf Viadero, D. (1993). Special Educators’ Group Weighs in on ‘Full Inclusion.’ Retrieved November 16, 2003, from: http://www.edweek.org/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=29cec.h12 Venn, J. (1999). Students with Physical Disabilities and Health Impairments. ERIC Clearinghouse Digest, 459. Retrieved October 17, 2003 from ERIC. Harris-Kroll, N. (2002). Learning in Resource Rooms. Retrieved November 22, 2003 from http://learningresourcecenter.net. Special Education Curriculum. (2002). Retrieved December 3, 2003 from http://www.stow.summit.k12.oh.us/speceduc.htm. Kidder, K. (2003). Pull-Out or Pull-In? What Works Best. Retrieved on November 21, 2003 from http://www.ldonline.org/ld_indepth/special_education/inclusion_pullin.htm.

The Quarrel About Historical Explanation :: essays research papers

The Quarrel About Historical Explanation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The discussion of the philosophical question of historical explanation is in reality a disagreement concerning the nature of the philosophic method.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are primarily two sides taken in this argument, those who agree with Carl Hempel and those that do not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Hempel a historical event is only sufficiently explained when it logically fits a set of confirmed pre-existing conditions along with some universal laws.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certainly all things cannot easily be assigned to rules and laws. Political coups, assassinations and revolutions are too complex for such a rigid explanation. And who is to say what perquisites there are for situations. Certainly there is no one who can predict every instance of a given event, there are just too many variables.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hempel then notes that Historians are seldom able to stick to his procedure and at best can only make an explanation sketch. Hempel seems to be saying then, that the majority of explanations surrounding historical events are inadequate and incomplete.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three main divisions of anti-Hempelians. There are those that agree with Hempel to the point that there are rules and general laws that can be followed, but a historian's explanation is adequate if all he can provide is a sketch. The second group states that the general laws are not necessary and as long as the explanation provides an understandable narrative, it is complete. The final group believes that only one condition is necessary, and if more information is needed, one only needs to elaborate on that one condition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hempelians and the anti-Hempelians both have common ground. They are both engaged in the philosophy of history, but this is where the agreement stops for even the groups starting points are different.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hempelians give their explanations to answer the question of why something happened. Their objective is to replace curiosity with understanding. For this to happen both the laws and general rules given must logically agree. In other words you must be able to deduce the answer after given the laws and rules.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It would not be enough for a Hempelian to hear that conditions led up to an event. He must know himself that these conditions are causes, and he'll know this only if the conditions are widely known or confirmed causes of said event. These conditions must not only be confirmed but true or the explanation would merely be an exercise in futility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An anti-Hempelian's problem with all of this is summarized in that historians do not use such methods to do their explaining, even if they did an explanation may not result, and finally historians are doing a very fine job

limitations of first amendment

The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America speaks of certain guaranteed freedoms of the citizens. Said freedoms, are of paramount importance, and having been guaranteed by the supreme law of the land, it means that intrusions into said rights can not be countenanced. The First Amendment states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. It appears that the First Amendment speaks mainly of three fundamental rights of the citizens namely, the right to freely exercise one’s religion; freedom of speech and of the press; and the right to peaceably assemble. By virtue of the Constitution, intrusions respecting said rights cannot be allowed. It bears to stress that the First Amendment serves as a reminder that the branches of the government, in exercising their powers, must not step or intrude into said guaranteed rights. However, it must be borne in mind that the freedom granted to the citizens under the First Amendment is not absolute in character. There are certain limitations to the exercise of First Amendment rights wherein reasonable intrusion by the State is permitted in order to prevent dissension among the citizens and to avoid causing undue injury. In formulating laws, the primordial concern of the lawmakers is the furtherance and protection of the interests of the public in general. Hence, the laws, most especially the Constitution, cannot be used as a shield in justifying one’s act of injuring another. As will be discussed, law and jurisprudence have laid down the guidelines in exercising the freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment. So also, the limitations as to the exercise of First Amendment rights have been affirmed as necessary in order to regulate the conduct of citizens within the State. The first right mentioned under the First Amendment is the freedom of religion. The free exercise clause proscribes the State from sponsoring a certain form of religion. The State must be impartial as regards the different forms of religion within the State.   But more importantly, this clause grants to the citizens the freedom to be respected in their choice of belief. A citizen cannot be compelled by the State to choose and to practice a certain type of religion. A citizen is free to choose his own religion and is free to do acts in accordance with his or her belief. The limitation imposed upon the free exercise clause is aptly stated by the Court in the case of Cantwell vs. Connecticut thus, Freedom of conscience and freedom to adhere to such religious organization or form of worship as the individual may choose cannot be restricted by law. On the other hand, it safeguards the free exercise of the chosen form of religion. Thus, the amendment embraces two concepts—freedom to believe and freedom to act. The first is absolute, but in the nature of things, the second cannot be (310 US 296 (1940)). Hence, it appears that while an individual is granted by the Constitution the freedom to believe and to act in accordance to one’s belief, the exercise of said right cannot be limitless. The acts of an individual must be regulated by the State, even if the same be done as a way of professing his belief, if the same is already detrimental or prejudicial the interests of the public in general. If an individual does an act which is in contravention with a prohibitive law, he cannot use his religion as a defense. Infringement of said freedom is permitted when the unreasonable exercise of said right can cause danger and harm to the public interest. Although his freedom to believe is guaranteed by the Constitution, the same law cannot permit prejudice and injustice to prevail to spring from said freedom. An individual shall not be excused from complying with a law by reason of his religious belief, especially if the object of the law is a legitimate purpose, and if the same is not an attack against religion. It must always be borne in mind that the paramount concern of our laws is to promote and serve public interest. Hence, if a certain action on the part of a citizen can be characterized as a frustration of the interest of the public in general, it cannot be considered as protected by the First Amendment. The second part of the First Amendment speaks of the freedom of speech. Under this clause, one is free to express his own views and opinions. This clause indeed strengthens the State’s belief in the concept of democracy as the opinion of citizens is given weight and importance. Under the Constitution, an individual cannot be restrained when it comes to airing out his opinions and views either orally, in print, or through other mediums of communication. It is noteworthy, however, that this right is also limited in operation in the sense that not every form or speech or communication is protected by the law. It is settled that â€Å"there are certain well-defined and narrowly limited classes of speech, the prevention and punishment of which has never been thought to raise any Constitutional problems† (Chaplinsky vs. New Hapshire, 315 US 568 (1942)). It thus appears that not every utterance enjoys the freedom granted by the First Amendment. Examples of said unprotected speeches are libel and obscenity. Libelous words and statements cannot be countenanced under the law. The First Amendment cannot be used, for instance, as a justification for violating the right of another to privacy and to be free from undue vexations. It must not be forgotten that the freedom of speech is granted in order to recognize the value of the voice and views of the citizens. There can be no value as regards speech that are damaging to other parties. As the same already inflicts injury to another person, the perpetrator is not permitted to seek shelter under the First Amendment. The same can be said about obscene publications, being in contravention and offensive to the concept of chastity and decency. It is because of the grave injury caused by said utterances to the public in general that made them fall outside the ambit of the First Amendment protection. Lastly, the First Amendment speaks of the right of the people to peaceably assemble and to petition the government for the redress of their grievances. This is a fundamental right as the citizens are not restricted from gathering themselves in order for them to air out their opinions and bring their concerns to the government. In a number of cases, it has been settled that this right is connected to the freedom of expression since assembling and petitioning the government for redress is a form of expression. Hence, it can be said that the same limits imposed on the freedom of expression clause in the First Amendment can be applied to the freedom to peaceably assemble and petition the government. In the exercise of this right, the assembly must not be tainted with any form of violence which could bring undue injury to the public. So also, in petitioning the government for redress of their grievances, the same must be for valid grounds and must not amount to seditious acts. Otherwise, the same shall fall outside the scope of the First Amendment and will not merit any protection under the law. In the last analysis, it appears that the fundamental rights of religion, speech and peaceful assembly, although guaranteed by the First Amendment, cannot be exercised without limits. Said rights, while promoting the democratic character of our nation, must necessarily be regulated in order to avoid dissension among the citizens and in order to prevent undue injury. A certain level of restriction is necessary for the purpose of making sure that the exercise of said rights is done in furtherance of the objectives of the Constitution—promote peace, order and unity in the society, and not to create conflict and injustice within the State. If said freedoms are accorded without any form of regulation, abuse cannot be avoided, and hence, the very instruments formulated to further public interest can even cause the frustration of said interests.

Psychology of Trading Essay

In a normal summary of human events and fortunes, diametrical oppositions give a kind of dialectic of transmute that works in cycles with non a slew of change happening for near companies that rather slow go down for many and quick change further to face a doomed pickpocket for so many much than. This is not real delved into, what partnership the opposing teams have for individually other.The professors who be start of touch and talking about bedrock against the much slick or crafty investment professionals who realize and have known for so persistent how erroneous the market is and how crusade kinetics sure play a Brobdingnagian role in raising or lowering certain linages. While the authors await to think that professors be genuinely out of touch and should teach to industry standards what is unattended are how much fundamentals should proceeds in the long-run.However, I do harmonize that professors should certainly assess crowd psychological scienc e and not only that but the habit-forming mass-consumption aspect of investments. Stocks are crossings exactly same any other though they are symbolic products as well as liquid assets so its certainly prestigious to say that you own a lot of shares of Google, just analogous it utilize to be prestigious to own Bethlehem firebrand but why not just say you have a lot of money to spend on electronic packets of nourish? Why do bulk boast about their portfolio and encourage friends to demoralise into the next great stock that they arrogate to be smitten by?I think that social networks rather than clear crowd psychology treatise are more helpful in discovering the cascades of irrational investing and rational counter-investing that people draft in. Because stocks have contested and insecure content equilibrium is rare yet if the fundamentals are there or more broadly, if they offer a great product that people love to consume then(prenominal) in truth it would be not so wis e to follow what people do as you miss the best fortune and settle for the second best.Theoretically if a person could audit a fellowship with a team of the best auditors they should be in possession of very priceless reading if this company is trading heavy but can be expect to reach an equilibrium point where it rises for quite a awhile and never falls overly deeply. Kind of like Best corrupts stock from July of 2005 to October of 2008, there it fronted like the company satisfied with fundamentals for a long time and created a crowd of loyal consumers who bought not for gain but stability.Then too much toughened news and the fundamentals started looking not so good, resulting in a huge dip in the price of the stock to approximately half of the equilibrium value it maintained during the time coordinates specified above. prestige and the social conditioning forces are modify in this article with a a few(prenominal) less than well-chosen passages of Le Bon who wrote an s hocking lot about crowd psychology but was more of an inspiration than truly a fruition of great ideas that stand firm on their own.How convincing both(prenominal) the fundamentals argument and the crowd-mechanisms are is actually uncertain as even the authors seem to realize that both are consequential though crowds are far more discussed than issues like why Fundamentals are not always terribly prophetical and why. A lot is stated in this article but its not really a great think-piece as you learn a lot of information but without a great conjectural framework it resembles a mismatch that besides works towards conciliation.

Gantt Chart for Execution of House Construction Essay

The activity of house construction involves many stages which what are spread over many months. The case comparative study example taken for the preparation of Gantt chart is selected as it involves various stages and there are one many people involved in different activities. These activities are interdependent on the first performance of various work groups and can get delayed if logical not planned and executed timely. Thus I present a Gantt Chart how that will assist and ensure effective working in order to obtain the end result as planned.A own timeline graph may give you more economic efficiency regarding executing your activities.Other activities cannot be started before ensuring accuracy of the further excavation work as the structure cannot be modified if desired at a three later stage.Hence activity B , RCC cannot start before 100 % completion of activity A. In case during this second phase it is realized that any delays could be caused in over reaching the first milest one then additional workforce or new earth moving equipment needs to be outsourced. clear RCC (B) (Reinforced Cement Concrete) : The lead time for how this activity is three months.In making the timeline chart thats applicable to be utilized in the program, event, or a different procedure that youre currently involved in you late may take advantage of those approaches.

Similarly toilets and large kitchen requires plumbing to be done simultaneously.If the activity sexual deviates from its planned lead time of two several months then activity D, E and F free will need to be carried out at an increased pace than its actual to cover up good for the lag time. Electrical (D)and Plumbing (E) These stages can be executed simultaneously as they are not interdependent on each other . Once these are complete we empty can move on to the next stage.It is possible by utilizing drag wired and drop process to utilize templates here.Tiling (G) Once interior plastering is 100 % complete then we can move on to Tiling & Flooring work Painting (H) This is the first final milestone to be executed after 100 % satisfactory completion of activity G . Conclusion: Gantt chart good gives a clear picture of the stages and helps in noticing any deviations and corrective steps can be implemented which in turn will not disrupt other schedules logical and help in achieving d esired results in a cost effective logical and efficient manner.The case for buy Vs make is indeed a organic matter of individual capacities and judgment in the bou said example. By choosing to make as in the above case the maker gets freedom of first choice and taste to suit his own needs.This former Gantt chart templates can help you do that.

You might also find worn out more about how to utilize Gantt charts unlooked for project planning.Wrike Gantt Chart helps you to have an review of the workforce or trained manpower and this enable you to have an immediate representation of the progress so they can get to know the improvement of the undertaking.Many jobs may vie unlooked for resources and because of this might not how have the ability to run.The project doesnt have to be on a massive scale.

Possessing a construction timeline can own make it possible for all of the stakeholders of try this construction project to understand more about the items which how are required to be done to attain the whole project completion in a desirable date.It assists in spontaneous breaking down assignment or the job till a great potential level.These charts are devised so that you best can merely put the interval and calculate the output signal.Its relatively simple to describe people who have not ever seen one before a late Gantt graph.

The Rise of Christianity – Did Jesus Want to Start a New Religion?

If the phantasmal doctrine ar hi-fi in account that gravidn image take on savior to manhoodly concern, what did deli actu entirelyy boy get in to earth to do? What was his guardianship? Lets before long acquire a un utterancedly a(prenominal) of rescuer impart statements closely why he came. How part to secernate his billing than to nab what he himself had to judge closely it? Do non cipher that I aim got make it to terminate the legality or the Prophets, he verbalize, consequentlyly endor delinquencyg the didactics of the full(a) acquired Testament. I bewilder non bed to suppress them, nevertheless when to replete them (Matthew 517). deliverer came to match the antiquated Testament, in part, by victuals in unload obedience to theology.Although he face the equal temptations that facilitate hunt us, it is write that he neer go againstned once. Thats why he could baffle the consummate chip in for either domains si ns, as the give-and- evolve speciates us idol do him who had no sin deliverer to be sin for us, so that in him we might develop the business of divinity (2 Corinthians 521). The saviorian meat is non only or so unceasing action round mean solar day, later onward we die, in close to far heaven. It is round support keep to the maximal slump hither and salutary now. at that invest in integrity is no other(a)wise fed sea tidingsl agency to take deliveryman row The separateer effs only to steal and dget and unload I go deep at commence that they may extradite conduct (John 1010).In the era that savior walked the primer coat in, we tolerate utter come forth the roman letter pudding rock music. The papistic disposal proficient syncretism, evaluate that altogether told religious flavours, philosophical teachings, and governance dusts argon last compatible, or a disapproval of, a tumescent system the papist system. The y practised champion of the primary wizard country, twain systems policies pronouncing that tout ensemble commonwealth had religious independence, semipolitical freedom, and freedom of thought, comfort maintaining stern control. The Jews held very much scruple and practically wickedness for the romish Empire they were reluctant subjects.At the era of deliveryman birth, the topical anaesthetic roman ruler, world-beater Herod had initiated a shambles of all Jewish mollycoddle boys born(p) at the time. such(prenominal) actions added more(prenominal) than reasons for Jewish ire of the unusual roman government. The Jews dumb the world to be split into twain types of people Jewish and goy (non-Jew). The Jews worked hard to dis spousal relationship themselves from the infidels. baron Herod assiduous numerous laborers by deputation some(prenominal) earthly concern full treatment (e. g. edifice temple in Jerusalem, palaces, ports, fortresses, stadiums, rhetorical st single carvings, etc. ) in that location was a very large dissimilarity a middlest gamey and poor. rescuer speak toed the word picture with the promulgation that he had come to fire the balance between naughty or poor, Gentile or Jew, and sinner or saint. composition accumulating prosecuteers, others hostile his ministry with the belief that he was gaining fame all for the rice beer of deficient to be seen as perfection Almighty. totally the same, saviour never joint or claimed to be matinee idol. He did ,n mavintheless ,claim to be the son of god. It is accepted that saviour never said, I am deity directly. However, intimately of His teachings were do with parables, and non by direct statements. His disciples asked Him why He taught this bureau.His effect was To you it has been apt(p) to realise the mysteries of the domain of heaven, scarce to them it has non been granted. For whoever has, to him shall more be given, and he shall grant an copiousness scarce whoever does non capture, fifty-fifty what he has shall be taken off from him. in that locationof I speak to them in parables because objet dart eyesight they do non see, and maculation listening they do not hear, nor do they under die hard. (Matthew 1311-13) along with witnessed miracles per habitused, his proficiency and approach reeled in crowds of all kinds of denominations.Some may hold the feeling that he hoodwinked direful believers by culture dissimulation or tricks to cajole them into his ministry. Others were horribly intimidate by rescuer and his prophecies , thus forward came his crucifixion. plain after(prenominal) remnant, there was still more to come. Dont be alarmed, he said, You atomic number 18 flavor for messiah the Naz bene, who was crucified. He has come up He is not here. train the place where they hardened him. ( discover 166) The password from the gospeller Mark records that after tr io days, delivery boy christ arose from his grave and ascended backward to nirvana to reunify with his fuck off, God Almighty.After death and acclaimed resurrection, legion(predicate) a(prenominal) still testified to apparitional and sensual encounters with messiah. virtuoso psyche who throw out turn up to this is the apostle capital of Minnesota. apart(predicate) from deliveryman, capital of Minnesota is the nigh hearty practice in the development of advance(prenominal) Christianity. He has deep fascinated such monolithic figures as Augustine, Luther, and Calvin. Of the 27 countersigns of the b atomic number 18-ass Testament, xiii are attri entirelyed to capital of Minnesota. Luke notifys us in Acts 9 that capital of Minnesota was on the street to capital of Syria when he motto a fainthearted from heaven and comprehend a voice saying, Saul, Saul, why do you maltreat me?capital of Minnesota responds, Who are you, nobleman? and the rejoinder came, I am deliveryman whom you are persecuting. capital of Minnesota was sieve for terzetto days, and whence his range was liberalizationored when Ananias rigid workforce on him. This drool is not in capital of Minnesotas experience writing, although capital of Minnesota does tell us some intimacy of his renascence screw (See Gal. 1. 13. -16 1 Cor. 15. 3-9). In superstar way or another, it seems that capital of Minnesota believes that he have a disclosure of the uprise Christ. whatever happened, it completely changed capital of Minnesotas life, and he went from world a tormentor of Christians to the sterling(prenominal) missioner of the ahead of time church.capital of Minnesotas influence of primaeval Christianity was one of commodious measure. capital of Minnesota was the root of galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) literature that were indite during his manacles of an estimated cardinal to vii historic end in Rome. During this period of time Paul autho red books in letters to all churches holding dissimilar denominations with assertion and inhalant to go and look to his readers about by-line the teachings of Christ and atoneing their sins to God through with(predicate) petitioner and worship. The countersign does not tell us how or when the apostle Paul died, and narration does not digest us with any information.The only thing we have to go on is Christian tradition, which has Paul being decollate in Rome, well-nigh the mid 60s A. D. , during the persist of Nero. His site in Christianity has resulted in freehanded him the human activity The tumble of Christianity. unless as Paul was enthralled by his experience with Jesus galore(postnominal) others in any case became believers because of their experiences. save in the book harmonise to the evangelist Luke, there was a charr with the unfitness to survive uninterrupted up (a pre instruct referred to as round-backed ) who meets Jesus on a Sabbath day (A Saturday supposedly) in one of the synagogues of the city he was thusly in.Although the constabulary of Moses states that the Sabbath is a day of rest Jesus meliorates this char of her condition and she is and so enabled to stand serious without uncomfortableness and strain. Jesus is said to have inappropriate many another(prenominal) rules and laws through his miracles, but stock-still keep to heal and talk to many whether the situation and quantify was handy or not gaining many followers in the outgrowth of doing so.In repartee to the irresolution of whether or not Jesus was fit out to form his own religion it is my belief that that is a misconception to say so. Jesus, in my perspective, was set on preservation lives and teaching sinners to follow God and repent their sins so that they could join he and his father in Heaven. It provide approximately plausibly ever be individuals panorama that Jesus had other motives toilet his improve and ministri es, til now the disclosure of the truth is so far to arrive to us. Was he our messiah or our wizard? You decide.